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- <text id=89TT2437>
- <title>
- Sep. 18, 1989: A Movement But No Revolution
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Sep. 18, 1989 Torching The Amazon
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 46
- A Movement but No Revolution
- </hdr><body>
- <p> At 77, the African National Congress is one of the oldest
- liberation movements in the world and therefore one of the
- least effective. Founded by black professionals and hereditary
- chiefs as a modest political lobby, it turned to "armed
- struggle" under the guidance of Nelson Mandela after it was
- outlawed in 1960, but never mounted a significant threat to the
- government in either guise. Today the exiled A.N.C. is looking
- to change its fortunes. In collaboration with the new domestic
- antiapartheid coalition, called the Mass Democratic Movement,
- it has issued a proposal for peace talks with Pretoria. "The
- question of a negotiated settlement," said Thabo Mbeki, 47, the
- heir apparent to the A.N.C.'s ailing President Oliver Tambo, 71,
- "is very much on the agenda."
- </p>
- <p> Yet the nonviolent alternative to armed struggle has also
- failed to break apartheid. The M.D.M. stages isolated events in
- its "defiance campaign" but has been unable to put together a
- sustained strategy of mass civil disobedience that could
- successfully challenge the government's power. If thousands of
- blacks staged sit-ins, walk-ins and swim-ins at segregated
- institutions every day for months, the system could crack under
- the strain.
- </p>
- <p> Similarly, the unions have often called large one- or
- two-day "stayaways" but have not managed to organize the kind
- of prolonged general strike that could bring the economy to a
- halt. Many South African businessmen say privately that the most
- effective economic sanction of all would be for the millions of
- black workers simply to stay at home until the government agrees
- to negotiate. This does not happen, says a diplomat in Pretoria,
- because "the primary concern of most blacks in South Africa is
- money. The secondary concern is possible political gain in the
- future. There is no revolution in sight."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-